Connect to SQL Server with Windows Authentication from others Windows desktop

If you want to use your windows credentials to connect to server from your colleagues desktop in process of fixing/debugging a issue.

Try this Steps

• Press SHIFT button 
• Right CLICK on the SQL Server Management Studio button
• Select "Run as different user" and give your windows credential to connect to the server.

The MSSQLServer service terminated unexpectedly. Check the SQL Server error log and Windows System and Application event logs for possible causes.

Solution: 

Oops! You might be running a very old build of SQL Server. Immediately check for new release of Service Packs, I would recommend installing recent service pack and then the latest cumulative update package.


If the Service pack installation didn't solve your Issue

For additional help, Open a case with Microsoft immediately.

Script to find Windows authentication mode/ Mixed authentication mode in SQL Server using TSQL

DECLARE @AuthenticationMode INT

EXEC master.dbo.xp_instance_regread N'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE'
 ,N'Software\Microsoft\MSSQLServer\MSSQLServer'
 ,N'LoginMode'
 ,@AuthenticationMode OUTPUT

SELECT CASE @AuthenticationMode
  WHEN 1
   THEN 'Windows Authentication'
  WHEN 2
   THEN 'Windows and SQL Server Authentication'
  ELSE 'Unknown'
  END AS [Authentication Mode]

List of services started automatically by Windows that you could consider stopping

# DHCP Client: On most servers, IP addresses are fixed and DHCP is not needed.

#DNS Client: This caches DNS names locally.

#Network Location Awareness: This collects and stores the configuration information

for the network and notifies the programs when this information is modified. You can't

disable it unless you use the Windows 2008 Advanced Firewall.

#Print Spooler: This loads the files to the memory for printing later. It can be disabled

if you don't print from the server.

#Windows Error Reporting Service: This allows errors to be reported when programs

stop working or responding, and allows existing solutions to be delivered. It can safely

be disabled.

#Windows Firewall: You can disable this service, if you are using a network firewall.

#Shell Hardware Detection: This activates AutoPlay for removable devices.

On Windows Server 2008 R2, this service stops when nobody is logged in,

to minimize risks. You can disable it.

Reference: Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Security

Cookbook